And jacob kohn



(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet l.

A. DIMPFL.

BRICK KILN.

No. 475,267. Patented May 1'7, 1892.

MIA/5.985s.- mum/r09 W M BY 7 W i ATTOH J.

3 Sheets-Sheet 3. A. DIMPFL.

(No Model.)

BRICK KILN.,

No. 475,267. PatentedMay 17, 1892.

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R 0 M E W WITNESSES ATTO/MIE J.

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UNITED STATES PATENT. OFFICE.

ANTON DIMPFL, OF MUNICH, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO AMEDEE POLETTI, OF WESTHOBOKEN, NElV JERSEY, AND JACOB KOHN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

BRICK-KILN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 475,267, dated May 17,1892.

Application filed September 5, 1891. Serial No. 404.809. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ANTON DIMPFL, a subject of the Emperor of Germany,residing at Munich, in the Kingdom of Bavaria and Empire of Germany,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Kilns, of which thefollowing is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in the construction of kilns forburning buildin g-bricks, pavement-blocks, fire-bricks, ornamentalshaped or formed blocks, and slabs for flooring, (terra cotta stone,)conduits, troughs, and artificial stoneware generally, to which, by theburning in the kiln, the following characteristics are imparted: awellvitrified body, a closely-grained texture, great durability,strength, and hardness, resistance to attrition, impermeability to theabsorption of moisture, great resistance to heat, and a sonorous soundwhen struck. These objects are accomplished by my improved kiln, whichis formed of a number of individual combustion-chambers, which arearranged end to end and provided at each end with two fireplaces atopposite sides, to the grates of which airis conducted by suitablefiues, while steam is supplied to the products of combustion by means ofarched water-reservoirs and steamnozzles arranged in the top of thesame. The articles to be burned are protected by transversepartition-walls near each fireplace, over which the heat products ofcombustion are conducted and passed off through lateral openings in thefloor of the chamber into suitable flues that lead to the chimney.Sliding dampers are arranged in the main flue, which is arrangedlongitudinally below the different chambers between two adjoiningchambers and in the lateral fines that lead to the chimney, so that twoor more kilns can be operated together and the heat of one kiln beutilized for heating up the articles in the next adjoining kiln, and so011. On the top of the kiln are arranged a fioorin g and a drying room,which is heated by fiues below the flooring, the preparatory operationsfor forming and drying the articles being carried on in the drying-roomand from there distributed to thedilferent kilns.

In the accompanying drawings, Flgure 1 represents a vertical transversesectlon on line 1 1, Fig. 3, of my improved kiln for burning stoneware.Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section of the kiln on line 2 2, Fig.3; and Fig. 3 is a horizontal section on line 3 3, Fig. 1.

Similar letters .of reference indicate corresponding parts.

Referring to the drawings, A represents my improvedkiln, of whichanumber are arranged, preferably, in line with each other by abuttingattheir ends, two longitudinal lines of kilns being preferably arrangedconnected to one central smoke-stack S and placed under one common roofR, which is supported in a suitable manner, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

At the end of one series of kilns is arranged a steam-boiler B, and atthe end of the other series of kilns the engine 13, by which the poweris produced necessary for running the different elevators andmachinesfor preparing and forming the different articles to be burned. At theend of each series of kilns are arranged spiral elevators f f for thematerials required in making the artificial stoneware, while at bothsides of the smoke-stack S are arranged the elevators g g for conveyingthe formed articles from the drying-room, that is arranged above thekilns, to one side openings in the different kilns, by which thedifferent chambers of the kilns are charged. The pressing-machines k forbuilding and other bricks are arranged at the outside of the kilns,while all the remaining hand and other presses by which specially shapedand ornamental articles are to be. pressed are placed in the drying-roomabove the kilns and on the floor, which is supported on transverse beamsbetween the kilns, as shown in Fig. 1. Each kiln A is provided, for thepurpose of producing as intense a burning-heat as possible in the same,with a fireplace at each cor ner. The fireplaces are supplied withheated air by means of a longitudinal air-channel 0, that extendslongitudinally below each series of kilns and that communicates by alateral channel 19 (shown in Fig. 1) with the space below the grate.

The air is drawn through the flue o by the suction produced by thesmoke-stack and heated up in its passage by r the heat radiated by thebottom of the kilns.

The two fireplaces at the end of each kiln are connected by an archedfire-bridge v, in the IOD interior of which an arched water-reservoirrfor water is arranged. This reservoir is supplied with water byasupply-pipe s, that connects the interior of the reservoir 1" with anexterior trough s, which is supplied with water in a suitable manner. Inthe top of the arched fire-bridge r is arranged a steam-outlet pipe 19having a spring-nozzle, through which the steam escapes, so as to bemingled with the fire-gases and be decomposed into oxygen and hydrogen,by which not only the more perfect combustion of the fire-gases isproduced and an intense heat produced, but by which, also, the carryingalong of coal articles by the fire-gases and the deterioration of theburned articles by means of said particles, ashes, and the like isprevented. At the interior of each kiln A are arranged, near the endfire-places, transverse partition-walls t, which are provided with anumber of perforations above the fire-bridge. These partitionwalls serveto some extent as returning-walls, so as to retain any coarse particlesthat are carried up by the fire-gases, and also for deflecting thegreater part of the fire-gases toward the arched top of the kiln, fromwhich they are then conducted in downward direction around the articlesto be burned, and drawn off through transverse slotted openings in thefloor or bottom of the kiln into the main flue Z, that extendslongitudinally below each series of kilns and communicates with thetransverse floor-openings by correspond 1 ing openings in its sidewalls, as shown in Fig. 1, left-hand side, From the main flue l for theproducts of combustion extend, at the middle part of each kiln, lateralfines Z with the smoke-stack S, as shown clearly in Fig. 3. Between theend walls of the kilns are arranged, in the longitudinal main flue Z,slides m, which are operated by suitable chains m from the top part ofthe kiln, while in the lateral fines Z slid'esnare arranged, whichslides serve for the purposeof connecting any two adjoining kilns, andpermitting thereby the products of combustion in one kiln to pass intothe next adjoiningkiln, whereby the heat still contained in the same isutilized for the preparatory heating of the articles in the same. Vhilethe first kiln is emptied, the

fires in the second kiln are started, and the articles which weresubjected to preparatory heating in the same subjected to the finalburning, the products of combustion of the second kiln being thenconducted into the third kiln, and so on, whereby a continuous operationof the differentkilns is obtainedin the manner well known in kilns ofthis class. In the side walls of the kilns, near the arched top of thesame, are arranged air-inlet openings q, through which the surplus heatmay be discharged whenever it should be required. This may also be usedwhen each kiln is operated independently of the other kilns, and theslides m and n of the same remain closed. The drying-room above thekilns is kept at a suitable high temperature, required from thedifferent pressing and drying operations that are carried on in thesame, by arranging a flooring e on the kilns and smaller channelsu belowsaid flooring, which channels are heated from the kilns. To prevent atoo high temperature in the drying-room, the heat can be passed off bymeans of outlet-pipes b, which pass from the top of the kilns throughthe roof of the drying-room to the outside, said outlet-pipes beingprovided with damper b, on the opening of which the surplus heat can bepassed off to the atmosphere. The main lines of each series of kilns areconnected at the ends of the series by means of connecting-flues, asshown clearly in dotted line in Fig. 3, so that the end flues may alsobe operated in connection with each other in the, same manner as twoadjoining kilns.

For burning artificial paving-blocks a mixture of ground dolomite, whichis composed of a mixture of calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate,is mixed with silicious earth, clay, water, or tar in such a manner thata plastic mass is obtained, from which the paving-blocks are produced bypressure.

The carefully-dried blocks are then placed in the kiln and subjected toa white heat for several days, by which operation the size of the sameis reduced considerably, but in ascertained proportions. Thepaving-blocks thus obtained are very strong, have a sonorous sound likeporcelain, and possess the quality of being absolutely fire-proof.

Fire-bricks are made of silicious earth, which is composed of quartz andsand-clay, burned and ground clay, and cement. This mixture is mixedwith water in a suitable mixing-machine and conveyed by the elevator fto the drying-room, where it is formed into blocks by any approvedappliances, dried and pressed by means of suitable presses into therequired shape, then subjected to final dry ing, and finally to theburning operation in the kiln. Ornamental stoneware for architecturalpurposes, conduits, &c., are formed of a mixture of clay containingslate, alluminous earth containing a considerable quantity of calciumcarbonate, silicious earth, and cement. They are mixed, formed, andburned in the same manner as the fire-bricks and either coated with asuitable enamel having the color of sandstone or mixed with pulverizedfluor-spar, or coated at the surface with a layer of the same, afterwhich they are subjected to a light burning in and rendered water-proofby means of alkali silicate, upon which they are finally hardened byburning. The advantages of my improved kiln are: first, a considerablesaving in fuel by the supply of air and steam to the fireplaces andproducts of combustion; secondly, the com: plete utilization of the heatof the kilns in the drying-room; thirdly, the protection of the articleswhich are burned in the kiln against deterioration by coal particles,flying ashes, and the like; fourthly, the uniform distribution of theheat in the kiln; fifthly, the quick IIO cooling of each kiln after theburning is completed by conducting the air through the differentair-fines into the kiln and conducting off the heat through theoutlet-openings at the top of the kiln; sixthly, the preventing of thecaking together of the articles by the transverse partitions arrangedsidewise of the fireplaces.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent 1. In akiln for burning artificial stoneware, thecombination, with tho combustion-chamber having fireplaces at eachcorner of the same, of a large fire-bridge connecting two end fireplaces, transverse perforated partitions extending above saidfireplaces, air-fines communicating with the spaces below the grates andfireplaces, transverse slotted openings in the floor of thecombustion-chamber, and a main flue for the products of combustioncommunicating with said transverse channels, said main flue beingconnected to the smokestack, substantially as set forth.

2. In a kiln for burning stoneware, the combination, with thecombustion-chamber, of a fireplace arranged at each corner of the kiln,transverse fire-bridges between two end fireplaces, archedwater-reservoirs in said firebridges, and outlet-pipes at the top ofsaid arched bridges provided with spring-nozzles, substantially as set.forth.

3. In a kiln for burning artificial stoneware, the combination, with thecombustion-chamber of the kiln, of fireplaces arranged in each corner ofthe same, transverse fire-bridges connecting two end fireplaces, aWater-reservoir arranged in said firebridges, supplytroughs located atthe side wall of the kiln, connecting-pipes leading from said troughs tothe interior of the reservoir, and outlet-pipes in the top part of thearched reservoirs provided with spray-nozzles for the steam, substantially as set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed myname in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ANTON DIMPFL.

Witnesses:

EDW. W. MEALEY, EMIL HENZEL.

